The COP31 climate summit has opened in Antalya, Türkiye, bringing international leaders and environmental delegates together for negotiations on emissions reductions and energy transition policies after a year of record global temperatures.

The United Nations meetings begin as meteorological agencies confirm that the world experienced exceptional and sustained extreme heat over the past year. That finding provides the immediate context for talks on cutting emissions and changing energy policy.

The negotiations concern both the reductions countries seek and the policies intended to deliver them. What commitments emerge from Antalya, and how those commitments translate into action, remain unresolved as the summit begins.