Which Tory groups needed convincing, and what were their demands?

New Conservatives

Elected in 2019, these MPs have struggled to align with Sunak, facing pressure from potential threats by the Reform UK party in future elections. Despite forming the New Conservatives and having representation in the party leadership, their loyalty wavered, with two members resigning and some revealing dissent during the bill’s third reading.

Old Brexiteers

Long-standing MPs who championed Brexit showed discontent with European human rights jurisdiction, with Bill Cash leading the charge to disregard Strasbourg's authority. Despite their efforts and some support, rebel votes were minimal on the final bill.

Former Ministers

Prominent Tory figures with ministerial experience, including Liz Truss and Suella Braverman, backed amendments to the bill and showcased varying aspirations for leadership. Their opposition reflects tension within the party, especially as polls suggest a disadvantage.

Boris Johnson Loyalists

Johnson's critique of the bill rallied support from his allies but didn't translate into opposition votes. Their actions reflected both genuine concerns and political maneuvers against Sunak.

One Nation

Sunak's pivotal struggle lies in balancing the demands of conservative right-wingers and moderate skeptics. Despite resisting amendments, Sunak managed to address the One Nation group's concerns to some degree. Yet, divisions persisted, with members like Kearns and Ellwood abstaining from support at different stages.