London Daily

Focus on the big picture.
Tuesday, Dec 09, 2025

Just 1% of Covid survivors in Britain get reinfected, data shows

Just 1% of Covid survivors in Britain get reinfected, data shows

Less than one per cent of almost 20,000 participants in the Office for National Statistics' Covid infection survey who previously had the coronavirus went on to test positive for a second time.

Fewer than one per cent of Britons who previously had Covid caught it a second time, according to official estimates.

The Office for National Statistics found just 191 out of almost 20,000 Covid survivors tested positive again months later.

And the agency believes reinfected people are half as likely to suffer Covid symptoms when compared to those catching the virus for the first time.

It found that almost exactly half of people suffer symptoms within five weeks of testing positive for Covid for the first time.

Just one in four reinfected people (24 per cent) fell ill.

Reinfected Britons also had lower viral loads than first timers, signalling they were less likely to transmit the virus to others.

Experts told MailOnline the data confirms 'immunity is the best way out of the pandemic' and it is most safely achieved through vaccination.

But it comes as a real-world study, led by King's College London, found protection against infection from two vaccine doses drops after six months.

Data from the Office for National Statistics revealed that among 19,467 people who caught Covid between April 2020 and August 2021, only 191 of them went on to catch the virus again - fewer than one per cent of the group

The ONS' figures showed that among the nearly 20,000 people in the survey who caught Covid once since the beginning of the pandemic, around half developed Covid symptoms. But just a quarter of those who caught the virus for a second time developed symptoms



The ONS identified 19,467 people who previously tested positive, so were 'at risk' of reinfection.

To count as a reinfection, someone has to test positive for the virus 120 days after first testing positive and had a negative result before testing positive again.

The ONS also considered a Covid case as a reinfection in 120 days had not lapsed, but a person had tested negative four times after first testing positive, before testing positive again.

Just 191 people in the group caught caught the virus for a second time, equating to less than one in 10.

Government statisticians also looked at cycle threshold (Ct) values of volunteers, and compared the average scores between the first and second infection.

The Ct value in those who got reinfected was 'significantly lower' compared to the first infection, suggesting a lower viral load and less risk of experiencing illness, the ONS said.

Ct values show the amount of SARS-CoV-2 virus presented in a nose or throat swab sample, with a lower value equating to a higher viral load.

A higher Ct value means scientists had to spend longer looking at the sample before they were able to spot the virus, indicating there is less of it in their swab.

Of the 191 reinfections spotted by the ONS, just 72 (37.7 per cent) had a Ct value below 30 - the benchmark for 'strong positive' Covid tests.

When first infected, the group had an average Ct value of 28.63, but this rose to 31.46 when they were infected a second time, signalling there was less of the virus present in their test samples.

And only 47 of these people (24.61 per cent) experienced any Covid symptoms within 35 days of testing positive for the virus.

This is much less than then 50.26 per cent of reinfected volunteers that reported symptoms when they were first infected.

On average, volunteers got reinfected 172 days - around five and a half months - after first testing positive.

Professor James Naismith, a structural biologist at the University of Oxford, told MailOnline: 'The data confirm that immunity is the best way out of the pandemic. Immunity by vaccination is very safe and effective.

'Immunity by infection is a gamble. Infection can lead to death or serious illness and/or long Covid.

'For everyone 16 or over, I would urge them to get vaccinated. There will be no normality until we vaccinate all those who can be infected and can spread infection.'

Dr Alexander Edwards, an associate professor in biomedical technology at the University of Reading, told MailOnline: 'I think we are still trying to work out exactly how much protection is provided by natural infection.

'It’s hard to pin down because it does change over time, it changes with variants, and will vary greatly between different individuals.

'As with vaccines, no-one is completely protected, but it’s very likely that immunity will mostly protect people from severe disease. Yet we also know people can get very serious illness even on reinfection.'

Meanwhile, a study of 1.1million Brits who received Covid jabs found protection against catching the virus falls within six months.

Researchers found protection against infection after two shots of Pfizer decreased from 88 per cent at one month to 74 per cent at five to six months.

For AstraZeneca, effectiveness dropped from 77 per cent to 67 per cent at four to five months.

It's unclear whether the waning immunity against infection also means people are less protected against hospitalisation and death.

But Professor Tim Spector, the lead scientist behind the study, said high levels of infection would ultimately lead to more deaths. He warned effectiveness could drop below 50 per cent by winter, and urged Britain to 'urgently' get its act together on booster vaccines.

The findings add to the mounting pressure faced by ministers to implement a mass booster rollout.

The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation, which advises the Government on the vaccine drive, is expected to only green light third doses for vulnerable adults with suppressed immune systems.

The boosters will almost certainly be offered to the 3.7million Britons classified as 'clinically extremely vulnerable', with diseases such as cancer.

But originally it was hoped that the programme would be open to all over-50s, key workers and sick patients - which would have included as many as 32m people.

Some scientists have said vaccines should be used to administer first doses to people in other countries before third doses are offered in the UK.

Newsletter

Related Articles

0:00
0:00
Close
UK Warns of Escalating Cyber Assault Linked to Putin’s State-Backed Operations
UK Consumer Spending Falters in November as Households Hold Back Ahead of Budget
UK Orders Fresh Review of Prince Harry’s Security Status After Formal Request
U.S. Authorises Nvidia to Sell H200 AI Chips to China Under Security Controls
"App recommendation" or disguised advertisement? ChatGPT Premium users are furious
"The Great Filtering": Australia Blocks Hundreds of Thousands of Minors From Social Networks
Mark Zuckerberg Pulls Back From Metaverse After $70 Billion Loss as Meta Shifts Priorities to AI
Nvidia CEO Says U.S. Data-Center Builds Take Years while China ‘Builds a Hospital in a Weekend’
Indian Airports in Turmoil as IndiGo Cancels Over a Thousand Flights, Stranding Thousands
Hollywood Industry on Edge as Netflix Secures Near-$60 Bln Loan for Warner Bros Takeover
Drugs and Assassinations: The Connection Between the Italian Mafia and Football Ultras
Hollywood megadeal: Netflix acquires Warner Bros. Discovery for 83 billion dollars
The Disregard for a Europe ‘in Danger of Erasure,’ the Shift Toward Russia: Trump’s Strategic Policy Document
Two and a Half Weeks After the Major Outage: A Cloudflare Malfunction Brings Down Multiple Sites
UK data-regulator demands urgent clarity on racial bias in police facial-recognition systems
Labour Uses Biscuits to Explain UK Debt — MPs Lean Into Social Media to Reach New Audiences
German President Lays Wreath at Coventry as UK-Germany Reaffirm Unity Against Russia’s Threat
UK Inquiry Finds Putin ‘Morally Responsible’ for 2018 Novichok Death — London Imposes Broad Sanctions on GRU
India backs down on plan to mandate government “Sanchar Saathi” app on all smartphones
King Charles Welcomes German President Steinmeier to UK in First State Visit by Berlin in 27 Years
UK Plans Major Cutback to Jury Trials as Crown Court Backlog Nears 80,000
UK Government to Significantly Limit Jury Trials in England and Wales
U.S. and U.K. Seal Drug-Pricing Deal: Britain Agrees to Pay More, U.S. Lifts Tariffs
UK Postpones Decision Yet Again on China’s Proposed Mega-Embassy in London
Head of UK Budget Watchdog Resigns After Premature Leak of Reeves’ Budget Report
Car-sharing giant Zipcar to exit UK market by end of 2025
Reports of Widespread Drone Deployment Raise Privacy and Security Questions in the UK
UK Signals Security Concerns Over China While Pursuing Stronger Trade Links
Google warns of AI “irrationality” just as Gemini 3 launch rattles markets
Top Consultancies Freeze Starting Salaries as AI Threatens ‘Pyramid’ Model
Macron Says Washington Pressuring EU to Delay Enforcement of Digital-Regulation Probes Against Meta, TikTok and X
UK’s DragonFire Laser Downs High-Speed Drones as £316m Deal Speeds Naval Deployment
UK Chancellor Rejects Claims She Misled Public on Fiscal Outlook Ahead of Budget
Starmer Defends Autumn Budget as Finance Chief Faces Accusations of Misleading Public Finances
EU Firms Struggle with 3,000-Hour Paperwork Load — While Automakers Fear De Facto 2030 Petrol Car Ban
White House launches ‘Hall of Shame’ site to publicly condemn media outlets for alleged bias
UK Budget’s New EV Mileage Tax Undercuts Case for Plug-In Hybrids
UK Government Launches National Inquiry into ‘Grooming Gangs’ After US Warning and Rising Public Outcry
Taylor Swift Extends U.K. Chart Reign as ‘The Fate of Ophelia’ Hits Six Weeks at No. 1
250 Still Missing in the Massive Fire, 94 Killed. One Day After the Disaster: Survivor Rescued on the 16th Floor
Trump: National Guard Soldier Who Was Shot in Washington Has Died; Second Soldier Fighting for His Life
UK Chancellor Reeves Defends Tax Rises as Essential to Reduce Child Poverty and Stabilise Public Finances
No Evidence Found for Claim That UK Schools Are Shifting to Teaching American English
European Powers Urge Israel to Halt West Bank Settler Violence Amid Surge in Attacks
"I Would Have Given Her a Kidney": She Lent Bezos’s Ex-Wife $1,000 — and Received Millions in Return
European States Approve First-ever Military-Grade Surveillance Network via ESA
UK to Slash Key Pension Tax Perk, Targeting High Earners Under New Budget
UK Government Announces £150 Annual Cut to Household Energy Bills Through Levy Reforms
UK Court Hears Challenge to Ban on Palestine Action as Critics Decry Heavy-Handed Measures
Investors Rush Into UK Gilts and Sterling After Budget Eases Fiscal Concerns
×