London Daily

Focus on the big picture.
Saturday, Sep 19, 2026

Is hay fever getting worse in the UK?

Is hay fever getting worse in the UK?

Itchy eyes, runny noses, and sneezing fits. These are just some of the symptoms that are all too familiar with those who suffer from hay fever.

While it can be a mild condition for some, it can be debilitating for others, having a big impact on their work and social lives.

This period in the calendar brings with it the usual remarks from long-term sufferers: "Hay fever is worse than normal this year."

For Megan McWhinney, a primary school teacher from Thornton in Lancashire, this year is "the first time I have had time off work with it".

Megan has had hay fever for seven years and had some of her worst-ever symptoms in mid-July.

"My eyes were sore, red, yellow and glassy. I could not see."

Megan's hay fever symptoms normally kick in each year in February, but this year they began at the end of June.

"I used to take antihistamines from February to October, but this year I stopped taking it as it was not affecting me.

"Then three weeks ago, I started getting symptoms again. My throat was horrendous, my ears started itching.

"There have been times where I have not wanted to leave the house."

And she is not alone.

"It feels like death," said Laura Stone, from Southend-on-Sea, Essex.

The 42-year-old experienced hay fever for the first time about eight years ago. For her, this year has been the worst.

'This year has been the worst' - Laura Stone


"I'm just feeling completely drained, falling asleep in the afternoon," she said.

"I'm making cups of coffee just to stay awake and moaning about being tired."

Laura's symptoms this year began at around the start of June - her eyes and skin became itchy, her sinuses became blocked and she started getting headaches.

After developing a cough, Laura thought she might have contracted Covid-19, but every test she did came back negative.

"Nothing works. I take a tablet daily and if I did not take it, it would be worse."

But just how bad is it?


Dr Beverley Adams-Groom, one of the UK's leading pollen forecasters, said pollen grains may be getting more potent due to CO2 levels in the atmosphere.

"Pollutants from traffic can interfere with the respiratory system and reduce the threshold that people start to experience symptoms," she added.

A warm May with sufficient rainfall, followed up by a warm June, meant there was also good grass pollen growth and production this year, Dr Adams-Groom said.

Hay fever is largely treatable, but some high count days can feel unbearable.

Studies show that some pollen types across Europe are already becoming more severe, with longer and earlier seasons.

Research from Dr Adams-Groom shows that climate change could be a driving factor behind changing patterns in the UK.

The Met Office says enhanced CO2 levels in the atmosphere could even change the potency of the pollen grains


Pollen seasons for different plants and trees happen at different times of the year - broadly starting with tree pollen in mid-March, and ending with weed pollen by September.

Her research, exploring trends over 25 years, shows:

*  Higher annual totals of birch tree pollen

*  Oak tree pollen seasons are getting earlier because of increasing spring temperatures

*  Grass pollen season is not getting more severe or longer, but the first high-count day is getting earlier.

The Met Office says a changing climate may lengthen the normal UK season and make concentrations higher.

It means people who are allergic to both tree and grass pollen could get a "double-hit" as the seasons become longer and overlap, according to Dr Sophie Farooque, hay fever expert and author of Understanding Allergy.

"You can end up breathing in both pollens simultaneously, rather than having a bit of a break from one to the next," she said.

Pollen potency is not currently being monitored in the UK, but the Met Office says climate change could be making it more intense.

Research shows that air pollution could potentially be making each pollen grain more potent and more likely to trigger an allergic reaction, according to Dr Farooque.

The climate emergency could even increase future allergy season severity by up to 60%, in the event that CO2 emissions double.

An idyllic scene from the British summer for some... but not if you suffer from hay fever


The number of people reporting symptoms may also be on the rise, according to immunologist Professor Sheena Cruickshank.

A poll of 7,000 people found that up to 37% had developed symptoms for the first time in five years.

While genetics play an important part, hay fever does not have to run in your family for you to develop symptoms yourself.

"I was the first in my family to have hay fever," Professor Cruickshank said.

Developed countries, like the UK, tend to have a greater prevalence of hay fever, with higher rates in urban areas.

More than half of the global population live in urban areas, and that figure is projected to climb to 68% by 2050, according to the United Nations.

And it is the microbiomes of these urban environments which could be changing our immune response towards pathogens including pollen, according to Professor Cruickshank.


How to treat hay fever


There is no cure and you can't prevent it, but there are a number of ways you can ease your symptoms:

*  Reduce your pollen exposure where possible - showering when coming in from outside, closing windows and wearing masks can all help, according to Dr Farooque. The NHS recommends staying indoors where possible, but suggests wearing wraparound sunglasses to stop pollen getting into your eyes when outside.

*  Take an antihistamine - pharmacists can advise on drops, tablets - such as cetirizine, fexofenadine and loratadine - or nasal sprays.

*  Steroid treatment, such as steroid nasal spray, which your GP might prescribe.

*  Immunotherapy - your GP may refer you if steroids and other treatments do not work. You will be given small amounts of pollen as an injection or tablet to slowly build up your immunity.

If you have any concerns or need any advice, please consult your GP or local pharmacist.

Newsletter

Related Articles

0:00
0:00
Close
Addison Lee Founder Loses £20.5 Million Non-Domicile Tax Case
BrewDog Creditors Face Heavy Losses After Collapse
Thirteenth Metropolitan Police Officer Dismissed Over Charing Cross Conduct
Oxfordshire Village Votes Symbolically to Leave UK Over Asylum Accommodation Plan
NHS Approves Life-Extending Treatment for Women With Incurable Breast Cancer
Software Defect Blamed for Major UK Air Traffic Disruption
Twenty Women Underwent Unnecessary Mastectomies at County Durham NHS Trust
British Steel Costs Taxpayers £1.3 Million a Day as MPs Demand Long-Term Plan
UK Parliament Advances Sovereign Grant Reform Setting Royal Funding at £99.9 Million
King Charles Urges Human-Centred Approach to Artificial Intelligence at Scotland Summit
House of Lords Begins Scrutiny of Voting-Age and Political Finance Reforms
UK Labour Market Shows Growing Divide Between Younger and Older Workers
Nearly Seven in 10 UK Small Businesses Delay or Cancel Growth Plans as Costs Rise
Andy Burnham Reaffirms UK Net-Zero Target Amid North Sea Energy Debate
UK Parliament Demands Credible Financial and Decarbonisation Plan for British Steel
MPs Urge Government to Reject Thames Water Rescue Deal and Prepare Special Administration
Bank of England Holds Rate at 3.75% as Energy Shock Raises Inflation Risks
TUC Calls for Social Energy Tariff Funded by Higher Taxes on Bank Profits
UK Parliament Enters Conference Recess After Advancing Sovereign Grant Legislation
King Charles Hosts Artificial Intelligence Leaders at Dumfries House Summit
Nearly Seven in Ten UK Small Businesses Delay or Cancel Growth Plans as Costs Rise
Anthropic Details Malicious Use of Claude in Cyber, Weapons and Influence Operations
McLaren Announces £500 Million UK Investment and 1,000 New Jobs
Scotland and Wales Sign Cardiff Agreement to Deepen Cooperation on Shared Policy Priorities
UK Government Moves to Fully Fund Teacher Pay Award as Strike Threat Recedes
UK Competition Regulator Deepens Scrutiny of Microsoft’s Business Software and AI Market Position
NHS England Reforms Focus on Cutting Waiting Lists and Improving Digital Care
England Maintains Mandatory Housing Targets in Push for 1.5 Million New Homes
UK Government Plans Statutory Industrial Strategy Council to Strengthen Long-Term Economic Policy
Asthma Charity Warns of Major Gaps in Childhood Diagnostic Testing Across England
TUC Chief Paul Nowak Appointed to Bank of England Court
Bristol Opens £35 Million Deep-Tech Innovation Hub at Temple Quarter
Oxfordshire Village Votes Symbolically to Leave UK Over Asylum Housing Plan
Andy Burnham Deepens UK Defense and AI Cooperation With NATO and Canada
UK Government Announces Neonatal Safety Reforms After Thirlwall Inquiry
Bank of England Weighs Rate Decision as UK Inflation Rises to 3.1%
UK Health Unions Warn of Staffing Pressures as Public and Private Pay Growth Diverges
Rockstar Games Faces Tribunal Claims From 23 Former Grand Theft Auto VI Developers
UK Treasury Faces Tighter Budget Constraints as Borrowing Costs and Pension Spending Rise
Prime Minister Andy Burnham Sets Out Ten-Year Plan for Greater Public Oversight of Utilities
UK Economy Grows 0.4% in July as Services and Technology Activity Strengthen
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland Leaders Coordinate Push for UK Constitutional Change
Police Tighten Public-Order Measures After Anti-Immigration Protests in Dover and Portsmouth
UK Ministers Pressed for Answers After US Diplomat Accused of Child Abuse Images Leaves Britain
Jaguar Land Rover Pursues NATO Defense Contracts for Defender Vehicles
British Service Member Dies in Road Accident While Deployed in Ukraine
George Osborne Calls for Britain to Rejoin EU Customs Union
Anthropic Chief Dario Amodei Urges Faster UK Action on Advanced AI Risks
UK State Pension Set for 3.9% Rise Under Triple Lock
UK Labour Market Cools as Payrolled Employment Continues to Decline
×