Countries must do more to avert the costly consequences of growing global trade fragmentation and help avert a "second Cold War," the International Monetary Fund's managing director said Thursday.

"I am among those who know what are the consequences of a Cold War: it is loss of talent and contribution to the world," Kristalina Georgieva said during a press conference at the official start of the World Bank and IMF's spring meetings.

"I don't want to see that repeating," she said, adding that the world should "rationally accept there will be some cost, there will be some fragmentation, but keep these costs low."

Georgieva was born and raised in Bulgaria, a former Soviet satellite state.

Multilateral institutions like the World Bank and IMF have an important role to play in preventing the world from splintering into different blocs with severe economic consequences, she said.

An IMF report earlier this week predicted that growing trade fragmentation resulting from events like Brexit, the US-China trade war and the Russian invasion of Ukraine could make the global economy as much as seven percent smaller than it otherwise would have been.

Policymakers had a crucial role to play to "defend the interests" of their citizens, Georgieva said.

"If we fail to be more rational, then people everywhere will be worse off," she said.

Progress on reforms

Progress has been made on a number of key issues for the World Bank and IMF, the Bank's outgoing president, David Malpass, said earlier Thursday at an event marking the official start of the spring meetings.

Member states agreed on several steps to boost the World Bank's financial capacity, he said, freeing it up to lend "as much as $50 billion of new financing" over the next decade.

French President Emmanuel Macron will host a summit in June which will look to extend some of these new rules to other financial institutions and build a "new financial framework," the country's finance minister, Bruno Le Maire, told reporters at the IMF early Thursday.

Progress was also made during a debt roundtable discussion on Wednesday, Malpass said. For the first time, these talks included not only creditor countries but also the private sector, and representatives from Zambia, Ghana, Ethiopia and Sri Lanka, which are all facing debt challenges.

India currently holds the presidency of the G-20 group of countries, and co-chaired Wednesday's meeting. Indian Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said Thursday that she expected a resolution for "many" debtor countries "at the earliest" opportunity.

The Bank and IMF's leaders said progress had also been made on replenishing lending facilities for low-income countries which have been depleted by the twin impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

Ireland, Saudi Arabia, Britain, Portugal and Japan have all already come forward with "substantial new pledges or contributions" towards replenishing these funds in recent days, Georgieva said.

'Stay the course'

Georgieva and Malpass both warned that inflation remained too high in many countries around the world.

"We expect central banks to stay the course in the fight against inflation, holding a tight stance to prevent a de-anchoring of inflation expectations," Georgieva said.

Governments also needed to work to reduce their budget deficits, and do more to improve sluggish growth prospects for the world economy in the medium term, she added.

Georgieva called on member states to speed up digital transformation in many countries, improve the business environment, and accelerate the green energy transition.

"We estimate $1 trillion a year is needed just for renewable energy and investment that can translate into growth and jobs," she said.