London Daily

Focus on the big picture.
Sunday, Dec 07, 2025

The Windsor Framework: What is in the new post-Brexit deal on Northern Ireland?

The Windsor Framework: What is in the new post-Brexit deal on Northern Ireland?

The UK and EU have reached an agreement on Northern Ireland - now let's take a look at the detail.

Prime Minister Rishi Sunak and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen have agreed a new post-Brexit deal for Northern Ireland, calling it the Windsor Framework.

lt is designed to tackle the issues impacting Northern Ireland since the UK left the EU - and the so-called Northern Ireland Protocol came into force.

But what does the new deal entail?

This is an early look at what has been announced by Mr Sunak - we will bring you more when the full framework is published.

Trade

The agreement will introduce two new routes for goods when they are travelling from Great Britain into Northern Ireland.

Products which are travelling through NI to get to the Republic of Ireland - which is in the EU - will go via a red lane, ensuring they pass all the customs checks they need to before crossing the Irish Sea.

But products which are set to stay in NI - and therefore in the UK - will go via a green lane, which Mr Sunak said would see the current "burdensome customs bureaucracy scrapped", e.g. no more documents.

The PM also said it would benefit people sending parcels to friends and family within the UK or buying products online as there would not have to be any customs paperwork.

He promised food available on supermarket shelves in Great Britain would also be available in Northern Ireland.

Mr Sunak said: "This means we have removed any sense of a border in the Irish Sea."

Taxes and medicines

Next up is something Mr Sunak says protects Northern Ireland's place in the United Kingdom.

The legal text of the protocol has been amended to make sure the UK government's decision on VAT and excise will also be implemented in Northern Ireland.

Under the previous Brexit agreement, those decisions were taken in Brussels as the region had to follow single market rules.

But now any changes in Westminster will come into force in Northern Ireland, with the PM using the example of alcohol duty, "meaning our reforms to cut the cost of a pint in the pub will now apply in Northern Ireland".


He said British products like trees, plants, and seed potatoes will also be available again in Northern Ireland's garden centres.

A "landmark" settlement has been agreed on medicines, meaning drugs approved for use by the UK's medicines regulator will be automatically available in every pharmacy and hospital in Northern Ireland.

In good news for pet owners, they can now travel without documentation from a vet.

Stormont brake


Perhaps the most politically significant element of the framework is this proposal, which Mr Sunak says "safeguards sovereignty for the people of Northern Ireland".

Unionists, such as the DUP, are against any EU laws having to be followed in Northern Ireland as members of the Assembly do not have a say over them.

But to avoid a hard border returning to the island of Ireland, others say some of the bloc's laws will have to be followed going forward.

Mr Sunak told reporters some rules would remain, adding: "The only EU law that applies in Northern Ireland under the framework is the minimum necessary to avoid a hard border with Ireland and allow Northern Irish businesses to continue accessing the EU market".

However, what the PM has agreed with the EU is to give members of the Northern Ireland Assembly a say on any changes to EU law by offering them "the Stormont brake".


If 30 members of the NI Assembly across two parties vote against a change or new law, the brake is pulled, it gets stopped and the Westminster government steps in.

They will argue out the case with the EU in a joint committee and decide whether it should be adopted across the whole of the UK, or be vetoed - meaning it would not come into force anywhere across the country.

However, it is not yet clear what happens if the two sides cannot agree, with the documents published so far only saying it would be solved through a process of "independent arbitration".

Mr Sunak said the brake "gives the institutions of the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland a powerful new safeguard, based on cross-community consent".

But the detail of how this works could be make or break for the PM to get the support of the DUP and Brexiteer members of his own party.

Newsletter

Related Articles

0:00
0:00
Close
Drugs and Assassinations: The Connection Between the Italian Mafia and Football Ultras
Hollywood megadeal: Netflix acquires Warner Bros. Discovery for 83 billion dollars
The Disregard for a Europe ‘in Danger of Erasure,’ the Shift Toward Russia: Trump’s Strategic Policy Document
Two and a Half Weeks After the Major Outage: A Cloudflare Malfunction Brings Down Multiple Sites
UK data-regulator demands urgent clarity on racial bias in police facial-recognition systems
Labour Uses Biscuits to Explain UK Debt — MPs Lean Into Social Media to Reach New Audiences
German President Lays Wreath at Coventry as UK-Germany Reaffirm Unity Against Russia’s Threat
UK Inquiry Finds Putin ‘Morally Responsible’ for 2018 Novichok Death — London Imposes Broad Sanctions on GRU
India backs down on plan to mandate government “Sanchar Saathi” app on all smartphones
King Charles Welcomes German President Steinmeier to UK in First State Visit by Berlin in 27 Years
UK Plans Major Cutback to Jury Trials as Crown Court Backlog Nears 80,000
UK Government to Significantly Limit Jury Trials in England and Wales
U.S. and U.K. Seal Drug-Pricing Deal: Britain Agrees to Pay More, U.S. Lifts Tariffs
UK Postpones Decision Yet Again on China’s Proposed Mega-Embassy in London
Head of UK Budget Watchdog Resigns After Premature Leak of Reeves’ Budget Report
Car-sharing giant Zipcar to exit UK market by end of 2025
Reports of Widespread Drone Deployment Raise Privacy and Security Questions in the UK
UK Signals Security Concerns Over China While Pursuing Stronger Trade Links
Google warns of AI “irrationality” just as Gemini 3 launch rattles markets
Top Consultancies Freeze Starting Salaries as AI Threatens ‘Pyramid’ Model
Macron Says Washington Pressuring EU to Delay Enforcement of Digital-Regulation Probes Against Meta, TikTok and X
UK’s DragonFire Laser Downs High-Speed Drones as £316m Deal Speeds Naval Deployment
UK Chancellor Rejects Claims She Misled Public on Fiscal Outlook Ahead of Budget
Starmer Defends Autumn Budget as Finance Chief Faces Accusations of Misleading Public Finances
EU Firms Struggle with 3,000-Hour Paperwork Load — While Automakers Fear De Facto 2030 Petrol Car Ban
White House launches ‘Hall of Shame’ site to publicly condemn media outlets for alleged bias
UK Budget’s New EV Mileage Tax Undercuts Case for Plug-In Hybrids
UK Government Launches National Inquiry into ‘Grooming Gangs’ After US Warning and Rising Public Outcry
Taylor Swift Extends U.K. Chart Reign as ‘The Fate of Ophelia’ Hits Six Weeks at No. 1
250 Still Missing in the Massive Fire, 94 Killed. One Day After the Disaster: Survivor Rescued on the 16th Floor
Trump: National Guard Soldier Who Was Shot in Washington Has Died; Second Soldier Fighting for His Life
UK Chancellor Reeves Defends Tax Rises as Essential to Reduce Child Poverty and Stabilise Public Finances
No Evidence Found for Claim That UK Schools Are Shifting to Teaching American English
European Powers Urge Israel to Halt West Bank Settler Violence Amid Surge in Attacks
"I Would Have Given Her a Kidney": She Lent Bezos’s Ex-Wife $1,000 — and Received Millions in Return
European States Approve First-ever Military-Grade Surveillance Network via ESA
UK to Slash Key Pension Tax Perk, Targeting High Earners Under New Budget
UK Government Announces £150 Annual Cut to Household Energy Bills Through Levy Reforms
UK Court Hears Challenge to Ban on Palestine Action as Critics Decry Heavy-Handed Measures
Investors Rush Into UK Gilts and Sterling After Budget Eases Fiscal Concerns
UK to Raise Online Betting Taxes by £1.1 Billion Under New Budget — Firms Warn of Fallout
Lamine Yamal? The ‘Heir to Messi’ Lost to Barcelona — and the Kingdom Is in a Frenzy
Warner Music Group Drops Suit Against Suno, Launches Licensed AI-Music Deal
HP to Cut up to 6,000 Jobs Globally as It Ramps Up AI Integration
MediaWorld Sold iPad Air for €15 — Then Asked Customers to Return Them or Pay More
UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Promises ‘Full-Time’ Education for All Children as School Attendance Slips
UK Extends Sugar Tax to Sweetened Milkshakes and Lattes in 2028 Health Push
UK Government Backs £49 Billion Plan for Heathrow Third Runway and Expansion
UK Gambling Firms Report £1bn Surge in Annual Profits as Pressure Mounts for Higher Betting Taxes
UK Shares Advance Ahead of Budget as Financials and Consumer Staples Lead Gains
×