Large areas of the United Kingdom are forecast to experience snow and icy conditions as a pronounced cold snap takes hold in the opening days of the new year, prompting warnings over travel disruption and hazardous conditions.

Weather forecasters say a surge of cold air from the north and east is set to push temperatures well below seasonal averages, increasing the likelihood of snowfall across both lowland and higher ground.

The cold spell is expected to affect much of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, with overnight frosts becoming widespread and daytime temperatures struggling to rise above freezing in some regions.

Snow showers are forecast to develop in northern and eastern areas before spreading further south, while freezing rain and ice are also expected to create dangerous conditions on untreated roads and pavements.

Meteorologists say the wintry pattern is being driven by a shift in atmospheric circulation that allows Arctic air to move southwards, a setup that can persist for several days.

Transport authorities and local councils have been preparing gritting operations and contingency plans, while motorists have been urged to check conditions before travelling and allow extra time for journeys.

Energy providers are also monitoring the situation closely as colder weather typically leads to increased demand, while health officials have reminded vulnerable people to take precautions against the cold.

Forecasters caution that conditions could change rapidly, with further updates expected as the cold snap develops through the first week of the year.