The Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) was a republican paramilitary organization that operated in Northern Ireland and, to a lesser extent, in the Republic of Ireland during the Troubles, a period of ethno-nationalist conflict that lasted from the late 1960s to the late 1990s. The INLA was a small and relatively less prominent group compared to other paramilitary organizations like the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) or the Ulster Defence Association (UDA).

The INLA's origins can be traced back to a split within the Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA) in 1974. A faction of the OIRA disagreed with the group's shift towards Marxist-Leninist ideology and decided to form a new organization, which became known as the INLA. The INLA's goals included the establishment of a socialist republic in all of Ireland and the use of armed struggle to achieve this aim.

Throughout its existence, the INLA was responsible for various acts of violence, including bombings and shootings, often targeting security forces, rival paramilitary groups, and alleged informers. Like other paramilitary organizations involved in the conflict, the INLA's actions resulted in civilian casualties and contributed to the overall violence and instability in Northern Ireland.

In the late 1990s, as part of the broader peace process, the INLA declared a ceasefire and began decommissioning its weapons. This move was seen as a significant step towards ending armed conflict in Northern Ireland. The organization effectively disbanded in the following years, and its political wing, the Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP), shifted its focus towards peaceful political activism.

While the INLA was a relatively smaller and less influential group compared to some other paramilitary organizations involved in the Troubles, its actions played a part in the overall violence and suffering during that period. The peace process and ceasefires that began in the late 1990s eventually led to a more stable and peaceful Northern Ireland, although tensions and challenges continue to be part of the region's complex political landscape.