London Daily

Focus on the big picture.
Friday, Aug 08, 2025

Conditions that led to 2011 riots still exist today, experts warn

Conditions that led to 2011 riots still exist today, experts warn

Data analysis finds large-scale cuts to youth services and increase in racial disparity 10 years on

The conditions that led to riots across England 10 years ago still exist today, experts have warned, as data analysis showed significant cuts to youth services in affected areas and an increase in racial disparity in stop and search.

On 4 August 2011, police officers shot and killed Mark Duggan, a 29-year-old mixed-race man, in Tottenham, north London. His death sparked a wave of civil unrest that started the capital and spread to other cities, causing property damage to the value of £40m a day.

The Guardian analysed data around youth services, stop and search and deprivation in the areas most affected to see how things have changed since then. The analysis centres on the five areas where 49% of crimes took place – Haringey, Croydon, Southwark, Birmingham and Manchester.

Council services for young people have been cut significantly since 2010-11, at the beginning of the coalition government’s austerity programme, according to data analysed by YMCA England & Wales and shared exclusively with the Guardian.

Between then and 2019-20, the national budget for youth services was cut by £372m when adjusted for inflation, down 73%. Some of the areas affected by the riots have experienced even steeper cuts. In Haringey, where the riots originated, the youth services budget fell from £5.6m to just £970,000 – a cut of 85% when taking inflation into account.

Aika Stephenson, the legal director of the youth advocacy charity Just for Kids Law, said the cuts to social services had been “unrelenting”, affecting “almost every aspect that directly affects young people so, if anything, the situation is worse”.

Of the five areas analysed, Southwark lost 82% of its youth budget over this period, Birmingham’s decreased by 80% and Croydon lost 79%. Manchester’s decrease was in line with the national average.

The Guardian’s groundbreaking contemporary Reading the Riots project interviewed 270 people who were involved in the 2011 disturbances. Of those, 85% said policing was an important contributory factor. Nearly three-quarters of interviewees said they had been stopped and searched in the previous 12 months.

Ten years on, the most recent figures show that while stop and search numbers have declined overall, black people are still far more likely to be targeted by police than white people.

In the aftermath of the riots, Theresa May, then the home secretary, announced a national review of stop and search and the use of the tactic by police in England and Wales fell significantly.


However, in recent years that figure has been rising again and the government announced this week that it was considering permanently relaxing restrictions on section 60, which does not require a police officer to have a reasonable suspicion of crime before searching someone.

A Home Office spokesperson defended this position: “Every weapon seized is a potential life saved. Stop and search helped remove 11,000 dangerous weapons last year – including knives, machetes, and firearms.”

Racial disproportionality in the system has grown since 2010-11, according to data collated by Stopwatch, an organisation that monitors police powers.

In 2010-11, police in England and Wales stopped and searched 115 out of every 1,000 black people, compared with 17 per 1,000 white people – meaning black people were 6.7 times more likely to be targeted. But in 2019-20, black people were 8.9 times more likely to be searched than white people.

A Stopwatch spokesperson said: “It is not a coincidence that black people have the lowest level of confidence in the police of all ethnicities, with almost half of black Caribbeans surveyed unable to place their trust in their local force. A decade on, the evidence suggests that few lessons – if any – have been learned.”

A 2015 paper found that the rioters “were most likely to come from economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods”, yet many of the areas most affected by the 2011 riots remain among the country’s most deprived, according to Guardian analysis.


Low-level deprivation data shows that 74% of people living in Manchester in 2010 lived in the country’s poorest three deciles. That was consistent with the 76% living in the most deprived areas in 2019, including areas that experienced rioting in 2011 such as Cheetham Hill, Harpurhey, Blackley and Gorton.

A similar picture emerges in Birmingham: two-thirds of residents lived in areas among the country’s most deprived in 2010: that rose slightly to 69% in 2019. In Croydon, 34% of people lived in one of the country’s most-deprived areas in 2010, a figure that has since risen to 36%.

In Haringey and Southwark, both of which have undergone rapid gentrification in the past decade, the proportion of those living among the country’s most deprived areas fell significantly in the intervening years (73% to 54% in Haringey and 68% to 50% in Southwark).

However, Tottenham, in the borough of Haringey, still contains several areas among the most deprived 10% nationally, including Northumberland Park and White Hart Lane, in stark contrast to the richer areas in the south and west of the borough.

In Southwark, parts of Camberwell and Peckham where there was rioting in 2011 are still among the country’s poorest.

Andrew Neilson, the director of campaigns at the Howard League for Penal Reform, said: “Looking back on something like the riots after 10 years, one of the questions that you naturally think about is: will this happen again? And – not to be a scaremonger or anything like that – my answer to that question would be: very much so, yes, I could see it happening again.

“Local government [doesn’t] have the money that it had before. And in the end it is supporting communities locally which is the best way of avoiding the source of conditions that see riots.”

Newsletter

Related Articles

0:00
0:00
Close
British Labour Government Utilizes Counter-Terrorism Tools for Social Media Monitoring Against Legitimate Critics
OpenAI Launches GPT‑5, Its Most Advanced AI Model Yet
Embarrassment in Britain: Homelessness Minister Evicted Tenants and Forced to Resign
President Trump nominated Stephen Miran, his top economic adviser and a critic of the Federal Reserve, to temporarily fill an open Fed seat
The AI-Powered Education Revolution: Market Potential and Transformative Impact
Chikungunya Virus Outbreak in Southern China: Over 7,000 Hospitalized
French wine makers have seen catastrophic damage to vines that were almost ready to be harvested after the worst fires in more than 70 years burned through the south of the country
US Lawmaker Probes Intel CEO’s China Ties Amid National Security Concerns
Brazilian President Lula says he’ll contact the leaders of BRICS states to propose a unified response to U.S. tariffs
Trump Open to Meeting Putin as Soon as Next Week, with Possible Trilateral Summit Including Zelenskiy
Katy Perry and Justin Trudeau spark dating rumors, joining high stakes world of celeb-politician romances
US envoy Steve Witkoff arrived in Moscow to seek a breakthrough in the Ukraine war ahead of President Trump’s peace deadline
WhatsApp Deletes 6.8 Million Scam Accounts Amid Rising Global Fraud
Nine people have been hospitalized and dozens of salmonella cases have been reported after an outbreak of infections linked to certain brands of pistachios and pistachio-containing products, according to the Public Health Agency of Canada
Karol Nawrocki Inaugurated as Poland’s President, Setting Stage for Clash with Tusk Government
Trump Signals JD Vance as ‘Most Likely’ MAGA Successor for 2028
US Charges Two Chinese Nationals for Illegal Nvidia AI Chip Exports
Texas Residents Face Water Restrictions While AI Data Centers Consume Millions of Gallons
U.S. Tariff Policy Triggers Market Volatility Amid Growing Global Trade Tensions
Tariffs, AI, and the Shifting U.S. Macro Landscape: Navigating a New Economic Regime
Representative Greene Urges H-1B Visa Cuts Amid U.S.-India Trade Tensions
U.S. House Committee Subpoenas Clintons and Senior Officials in Epstein Investigation
Sydney Sweeney Registered as Republican as Controversial American Eagle Ad Sparks Debate
Trump Accuses Major Banks of Politically Motivated Account Denials and Prepares Executive Order
TikTok Removes Huda Kattan Video Over Anti-Israel Conspiracy Claims
Trump Threatens Tariffs on India Over Russian Oil Imports
German Finance Minister Criticizes Trump’s Attacks on Institutions
U.S. Proposes Visa Bond of Up to $15,000 for Some Applicants
U.S. Farmers Increase Lobbying Amid Immigration Crackdown
Elon Musk Receives $23.7 Billion Tesla Stock Award
Texas House Paralyzed After Democrats Walk Out Over Redistricting
Mexican Cartels Complicate Sheinbaum’s U.S. Security Talks
Mark Zuckerberg Declares War on the iPhone
India Rejects U.S. Tariff Threat, Defends Russian Oil Purchases
United States Establishes Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and Digital Asset Stockpile
Thousands of Private ChatGPT Conversations Accidentally Indexed by Google
China Tightens Mineral Controls, Curtailing Critical Inputs for Western Defence Contractors
OpenAI’s Bold Bet: Teaching AI to Think, Not Just Chat
Tesla Seeks Shareholder Approval for $29 Billion Compensation Package for Elon Musk
Nvidia is cutting prices on its RTX 50-series graphics cards after sales slowed and inventories piled up
Ghislaine Maxwell Transferred to Minimum-Security Prison Amid Ongoing DOJ Discussions
U.S. Tariffs Surge to Highest Levels in Nearly a Century Under Second Trump Term
Matt Taibbi Slams Media for Role in Russiagate Narrative
Pilots Call for Mental Health Support Without Stigma
All Five Trapped Miners Found Dead After El Teniente Mine Collapse
Ong Beng Seng Pleads Guilty in Corruption Case Linked to Former Singapore Transport Minister
BP’s Largest Oil and Gas Find in 25 Years Uncovered Offshore Brazil
Italy Fines Shein One Million Euros for Misleading Sustainability Claims
JPMorgan and Coinbase Unveil Partnership to Let Chase Cardholders Buy Crypto Directly
Declassified Annex Links Soros‑Affiliated Officials and Clinton Campaign to ‘Russiagate’ Narrative
×