This law consolidates existing hate crime laws and introduces offences against stirring up hatred based on protected characteristics, except for sex, which is addressed separately.

The law is causing mixed reactions, with concerns about its potential to limit free speech and be misused through third-party reporting.

Critics, including notable figures and organizations, worry about its implications for freedom of expression and the practical challenges it poses for policing.

The Scottish government insists the law contains safeguards for free speech and emphasizes serious consequences for baseless complaints. Police Scotland pledges a careful approach to enforcing the law.